Persistence (via the persistent kernel option) should already be set up if you used UNetbootin, so safely eject the USB and you're ready to go! Mount this partition (here, sdb1), and delete /casper-rw. Once everything is done, the final step is to delete the small casper-rw file created on the vfat partition you installed the live CD on, so that the large ext4 casper-rw partition is used instead. Put a tiny size for UNetbootin's persistence option (say, 10 MB) to make life easier don't worry, we won't actually be using this casper-rw file.Use UNetbootin to write your chosen live CD ISO to the first (vfat) USB partition. So if you have the issue then use live GParted CD for partitioning. Also note that GParted 0.18.0 seems to have problems partitioning the USB stick. You can use your own USB creator, but you should then modify the below steps appropriately. Note: I prefer to use UNetbootin because it makes editing the syslinux configuration easy. You can, of course, add third, fourth, extended/logical partitions, etc.The second partition should be ext4, sized to whatever you want your persistent storage to be (no limits), but it must be labeled casper-rw (all lower case, no quotes).The first partition must be vfat/FAT32, and minimum size 750 MB (or more if you are using a live DVD image).Your target USB disk must have at least two partitions I recommend using GParted to create a new partition table. This is very easy to do, although the "casper-rw" name will still show up once :) * I know one could mount the casper-rw file from another OS and get to the data this way but that's a hassle. Sytem should run on all hardware configurations, have full functionality of the LiveCD and be stored on a regular ext4 partiton without using ramdisks and casper-rw. I suspect there is a tutorial out there for this, but my google-fu is just not good enough to find it. So how do I get the LiveCD on a USB disk in such a way that the changes are stored in a normal partition rather than a persistence file? Also the persistent changes shouldn't be restricted to a few GB in size but use whole partition of many 100 GB if need be. Said persistent file (additionally to being size restricted) has the problem that it isn't readable like data on a normal partition.* My question Changes can be made persistent but are stored in a file that is limited to a few GB in size. With Startup Disk Creator one is able to put the LiveCD image on a USB-device. In every other way it should behave like a regular Ubuntu installation. I want to install Ubuntu to a USB hard drive so that it will run on all systems, that can run the LiveCD and store persistent data on a regular ext4 partition rather than a casper-rw file.
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